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Broadleaf Arrowhead,
Sagittaria latifolia +
Slender, ascending pedicels 1" or more long, longer than subtending bracts, per Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the Southern Appalachians (Horn, Cathcart, Hemmerly, & Duhl, 2005).
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Appalachian Arrowhead,
Sagittaria australis
Inflorescence unbranched; bracts of the inflorescence papery, acuminate at the tip, per Weakley's Flora (2023).
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Appalachian Arrowhead,
Sagittaria australis
Flowers subtended by bracts that are longer than the pedicels (vs. shorter in S. latifolia), per Wildflowers of the Southern Mountains (Smith, 1998).
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Smooth Brome,
Bromus inermis
The bract enclosing the flower (the lemma) does not have a bristle (awn), per Invasive Plants, Guide to Identification, Impacts and Control (Kaufman & Kaufman, 2007).
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Green Needlegrass,
Piptochaetium avenaceum
Each floret has an outer bract (lemma) & inner bract (palea) & naked flower, per How to Know the Grasses: Pictured Key Nature Series (Pohl, 1954).
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Elliott's Bluestem,
Andropogon gyrans
Raceme clusters clasped by leaflike bracts, these clasped by leaf sheaths, per Wildflowers of the Eastern United States (Duncan & Duncan, 1999).
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Broomsedge,
Andropogon virginicus var. virginicus
Racemes shorter than the bractlike leaves clasping them, per Wildflowers of the Eastern United States (Duncan & Duncan, 1999).
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Common Bushy Bluestem,
Andropogon glomeratus
Paired racemes short-peduncled, sitting between 2 clasping bractlike leaves, per Wildflowers of the Eastern United States (Duncan & Duncan, 1999).
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Maritime Bushy Bluestem,
Andropogon tenuispatheus
Silvery plumes in rigid, tightly packed bracts look like a feather duster, per Native Alternatives to Invasive Plants.
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Dryland White Bluestem,
Andropogon capillipes
Racemes shorter than the bractlike leaves clasping them, per Wildflowers of the Eastern United States (Duncan & Duncan, 1999).
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Annual Greenhead Sedge,
Cyperus hortensis
Usually 3 bracts, to 15cm long, 0.5-3mm wide. Leaf blades 1-3mm wide, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Annual Greenhead Sedge,
Cyperus hortensis
Lvs predominantly basal, not 3-ranked. Leafy bracts subtend the inflorescence, per Weakley's Flora.
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Whitehead Sedge,
Cyperus sesquiflorus
1-3(4) ovoid to ellipsoid whitish spikes subtended by (2)3-4 horizontal bracts, per Flora of North America.
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Crested Greenhead Sedge,
Cyperus metzii
3-4 leaflike involucral bracts, horizontal to slightly reflexed, flat, 1-6cm, per Flora of North America.
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Granite Flatsedge,
Cyperus granitophilus
Spikes congested, subglobose. Bracts 2-5, 1-8cm long, 1-2mm wide, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Fragrant Flatsedge,
Cyperus odoratus var. odoratus
Bottle-brush shaped spike clusters radiating from whorl of leaf-like bracts, per Forest Plants of the Southeast and Their Wildlife Uses (Miller & Miller, 2005).
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Fragrant Flatsedge,
Cyperus odoratus var. odoratus
Bracts numerous, 3-7mm wide. Spikes numerous, congested, loosely cylindric, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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jointed flatsedge,
Cyperus articulatus
Bracts 2-3, less than 3cm long. Peduncles 4-12, flat, glabrous, to 10cm long, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Yellow Nutsedge,
Cyperus esculentus var. leptostachyus
Leaf blades 2-10mm wide. Bracts 3-7, 2-10mm wide, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Rice-field Flatsedge,
Cyperus iria
Bracts 3-4, 1-4mm wide. Peduncles to 6cm long, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Poorland Flatsedge,
Cyperus compressus
Leaf blades 1-2mm wide. Bracts 2-5,1-2mm wide, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Green Flatsedge,
Cyperus virens
Leaf blades and inflorescence bracts with conspicuous crossveins, per Weakley's Flora (2015).
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False Nutsedge,
Cyperus strigosus var. strigosus
Leafy bracts subtend the inflorescence, per Weakley's Flora.
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Many-flowered Flatsedge,
Cyperus lancastriensis
Leaves and inf. bracts mostly >10mm wide. Spikes dense; spikelets subterete, per Weakley's Flora (2020).
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Rough Flatsedge,
Cyperus retrofractus
Rays glabrous or rarely w a few hairs just below spike; longest ray shorter than longest bract, per Weakley's Flora (2023).
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Starburst Flatsedge,
Cyperus plukenetii
Rays scabrid [rough]; longest ray ≥ longest bract; spikes tight, burlike, turbinate [top-shaped], per Weakley's Flora (2023).
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Baldwin's Flatsedge,
Cyperus croceus
Bracts similar to leaf blades, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Broadleaf Whitetop Sedge,
Rhynchospora latifolia
Typically 7-10 bracts subtending the inflorescence (vs. 4-6 in R. colorata), per Atlantic Coastal Plain Wildflowers (Nelson, 2006).
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Broadleaf Whitetop Sedge,
Rhynchospora latifolia
This and R. colorata are our only two sedges with showy white bracts, per Atlantic Coastal Plain Wildflowers (Nelson, 2006).
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Broadleaf Whitetop Sedge,
Rhynchospora latifolia
Most of the bracts subtending the inflorescence are well over 1/4" wide, per Atlantic Coastal Plain Wildflowers (Nelson, 2006).
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Narrowleaf Whitetop Sedge,
Rhynchospora colorata
Inflorescence bracts 3-6(7); basal bract's white tapering gradually into green, per Weakley's Flora.
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Elliott's Hairsedge,
Bulbostylis coarctata
Longest involucral bract commonly exceeding the inflorescence, per Weakley's Flora (2015).
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Ware's Hairsedge,
Bulbostylis warei
Inflorescence bracts widened abruptly at base, per Weakley's Flora (2015).
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Sandy-field Hairsedge,
Bulbostylis stenophylla
Inflorescence bracts many & conspicuous, much exceeding spikelet cluster, per Weakley's Flora (2015).
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Old World Hairsedge,
Bulbostylis barbata
Inflorescence bracts few & inconspicuous, none (1?) exceeding spikelet cluster, per Weakley's Flora.
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Harper's Fimbry,
Fimbristylis perpusilla
Plants diminuitive; leaf blades < 1mm wide; inflorescence bracts 1-2 cm long, per Weakley's Flora (2020).
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Deerhair Bulrush,
Trichophorum cespitosum
Spikelet solitary, involucral bract absent, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Woodland Bulrush,
Scirpus expansus
Inflorescence decompound; bracts numerous, similar to blades, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Leafy Bulrush,
Scirpus polyphyllus
Involucre of several foliaceous bracts, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Roughseed Bulrush,
Schoenoplectiella mucronata
Main involucral bract appears to be culm (inflorescence thus appearing lateral, per Weakley's Flora.
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Tawny Cottongrass,
Eriophorum virginicum
Involucral bracts usually 3, similar to leaf blades, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Clustered Beaksedge,
Rhynchospora glomerata
Spikelet clusters compact; bracteal leaves mostly exceeding subtended groups, per Flora of North America.
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Few-flowered Nutrush,
Scleria oligantha
Bracts subtending inflorescence leaflike, linear-lanceolate, 3-10 cm, per Flora of North America.
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Tall Nutrush,
Scleria triglomerata
Nutlet smooth, lustrous, resembling a tiny egg nestled in the leafy bracts, per Forest Plants of the Southeast and Their Wildlife Uses (Miller & Miller, 2005).
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Fringed Nutrush,
Scleria ciliata var. ciliata
Terminal inflorescence primary bract 0.4-2.2mm wide at widest point, its margins ciliate, per Weakley's Flora (2022).
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Fringed Nutrush,
Scleria ciliata var. ciliata
Longer cilia of terminal inflorescence primary bract to 0.7(0.9)mm long (< those of elliottii), per Weakley's Flora (2022).
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Broad-leaved Hairy Nutrush,
Scleria ciliata var. elliottii
Culms stout, pubescent or ciliate. Lvs 3.5-7 mm wide. Bracts densely ciliate, per Flora of North America.
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Bent Sedge,
Carex styloflexa
Staminate spike prominent and exceeding the uppermost bract, per Weakley's Flora (2022).
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Blue Ridge Purple Sedge,
Carex manhartii
The leaflike bract of terminal female spike exceeds male spike (vs. shorter in C. purpurifera), per Vascular Plants of North Carolina.
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Mountain Fringed Sedge,
Carex gynandra
Proximal bract longer than inflorescence, per Flora of North America.
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Southern Bogbuttons,
Lachnocaulon beyrichianum
Heads appear gray to white because of milky-white receptacular bract trichomes, per Weakley's Flora.
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Sand Dayflower,
Commelina erecta var. angustifolia
Flowers grow from within broad fused bracts (spathes) that sheath the stem, per Wildflowers of the Sandhills Region (Sorrie, 2011).
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Piedmont Roseling,
Cuthbertia rosea
Cymes 3-15 flowered. Flowers minutely bracteate, pedicels glabrous, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Zigzag Spiderwort,
Tradescantia subaspera
Our Spiderworts have cymes of flowers growing out of leaflike bracts, per Wildflowers of the Southern Mountains (Smith, 1998).
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Virginia Spiderwort,
Tradescantia virginiana
Bracts below the inflorescence often wider and longer than the leaves, per Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the Southern Appalachians (Horn, Cathcart, Hemmerly, & Duhl, 2005).
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Hairy Spiderwort,
Tradescantia hirsuticaulis
Our Spiderworts have cymes of flowers growing out of leaflike bracts, per Wildflowers of the Southern Mountains (Smith, 1998).
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Woolly Frogsmouth,
Philydrum lanuginosum
Flowers borne in the axils of spathe-like bracts, per Angiosperm Phylogeny Website.
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Leathery Rush,
Juncus coriaceus
Inflorescence bract erect, as if culm continuation (infl. appearing lateral), per Weakley's Flora.
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Large-headed Rush,
Juncus megacephalus
Spherical heads 5-12mm across, bract subtending infl short and inconcpicuous, per Aquatic and Wetland Plants of Southeastern United States (Godfrey & Wooten, 1979 & 1981).
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Biltmore Carrionflower,
Smilax biltmoreana
Lowest peduncle from a leaf axil (very rarely from bract axils), per Weakley's Flora (2015).