OF THE CAROLINAS & GEORGIA

Spermatophytes (seed plants): Angiosperms (flowering plants): Eudicots: Core Eudicots: Asterids: Lamiids: Lamiales

WEAKLEY'S FLORA OF THE SOUTHEASTERN US (4/24/22):
Collinsonia canadensis   FAMILY Lamiaceae   Go to FSUS key



SYNONYMOUS WITH PLANTS NATIONAL DATABASE:
Collinsonia canadensis   FAMILY Lamiaceae

INCLUDED WITHIN A taxonomic revision of Collinsonia (Peirson, Cantino, & Ballard, 2006)

Collinsonia canadensis

SYNONYMOUS WITH VASCULAR FLORA OF THE CAROLINAS (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968) 164-33-001:

Collinsonia canadensis   FAMILY Lamiaceae

SYNONYMOUS WITH Manual of the Southeastern Flora (Small, 1933, 1938)

Collinsonia canadensis

 

COMMON NAME:
Northern Horsebalm, Citronella, Canada Stoneroot, Canada Horsebalm


         To see larger pictures, click or hover over the thumbnails.

image of Collinsonia canadensis, Northern Horsebalm, Citronella, Canada Stoneroot, Canada Horsebalm

USDA Forest Service / A Guide to Medicinal Plants of Appalachia. 1969    mpa_page_101

        

image of Collinsonia canadensis, Northern Horsebalm, Citronella, Canada Stoneroot, Canada Horsebalm

USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913    pnd_coca4_001_lvd

        

image of Collinsonia canadensis, Northern Horsebalm, Citronella, Canada Stoneroot, Canada Horsebalm

JK Marlow    jkm200415_3905

April    Greenville County    SC

Tall Pines Wildlife Management Area

Upper leaf surface is hairless to sparsely short-pubescent, per www.illinoiswildflowers.info.

image of Collinsonia canadensis, Northern Horsebalm, Citronella, Canada Stoneroot, Canada Horsebalm

JK Marlow    jkm200415_3906

April    Greenville County    SC

Tall Pines Wildlife Management Area

Leaves 2-6" long, usually ovate in shape, margins coarsely serrate-crenate, per www.illinoiswildflowers.info.

image of Collinsonia canadensis, Northern Horsebalm, Citronella, Canada Stoneroot, Canada Horsebalm

JK Marlow    jkm220427_7323

April    Greenville County    SC

Tall Pines Wildlife Management Area

image of Collinsonia canadensis, Northern Horsebalm, Citronella, Canada Stoneroot, Canada Horsebalm

JK Marlow    jkm220427_7326

April    Greenville County    SC

Tall Pines Wildlife Management Area

image of Collinsonia canadensis, Northern Horsebalm, Citronella, Canada Stoneroot, Canada Horsebalm

JK Marlow    jkm100515_103

May    Henderson County    NC

Pisgah National Forest: Pisgah Ranger District

image of Collinsonia canadensis, Northern Horsebalm, Citronella, Canada Stoneroot, Canada Horsebalm

JK Marlow    jkm230531_3681

May    Greenville County    SC

Tall Pines Wildlife Management Area

3 or more pairs of oval leaves, spaced rather evenly along the stem, per Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the Southern Appalachians (Horn, Cathcart, Hemmerly, & Duhl, 2005).

image of Collinsonia canadensis, Northern Horsebalm, Citronella, Canada Stoneroot, Canada Horsebalm

JK Marlow    jkm120704_435

July    Greenville County    SC

Ashmore Heritage Preserve

image of Collinsonia canadensis, Northern Horsebalm, Citronella, Canada Stoneroot, Canada Horsebalm

JK Marlow    jkm150827_980

August    Haywood County    NC

Corneille Bryan Native Garden

image of Collinsonia canadensis, Northern Horsebalm, Citronella, Canada Stoneroot, Canada Horsebalm

JK Marlow    jkm0509l_18

September    Transylvania County    NC

Silver Run Preserve

An open pyramidal panicle of lemon-scented yellow flowers, per Wildflowers of the Southern Mountains (Smith, 1998).

image of Collinsonia canadensis, Northern Horsebalm, Citronella, Canada Stoneroot, Canada Horsebalm

JK Marlow    jkm210903_3278

September    Greenville County    SC

Tall Pines Wildlife Management Area

Calyx zygomorphic, 2-lipped, upper lip 3-toothed, lower lip with 2 long teeth, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).

image of Collinsonia canadensis, Northern Horsebalm, Citronella, Canada Stoneroot, Canada Horsebalm

JK Marlow    jkm210903_3280

September    Greenville County    SC

Tall Pines Wildlife Management Area

image of Collinsonia canadensis, Northern Horsebalm, Citronella, Canada Stoneroot, Canada Horsebalm

JK Marlow    jkm230927_5664

September    Pickens County    SC

Laurel Fork Heritage Preserve

image of Collinsonia canadensis, Northern Horsebalm, Citronella, Canada Stoneroot, Canada Horsebalm

JK Marlow    jkm230927_5666

September    Pickens County    SC

Laurel Fork Heritage Preserve

Middle lobe of lower lip lacerated; stigma 2-cleft & long-exserted; stamens 2, long-exserted, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).


click here to see other plants that look similar to this COMPARE flowers of Horsebalm species

image of Collinsonia canadensis, Northern Horsebalm, Citronella, Canada Stoneroot, Canada Horsebalm

JK Marlow    jkm230927_5670

September    Pickens County    SC

Laurel Fork Heritage Preserve

image of Collinsonia canadensis, Northern Horsebalm, Citronella, Canada Stoneroot, Canada Horsebalm

JK Marlow    jkm211112_4915

November    Greenville County    SC

Tall Pines Wildlife Management Area

image of Collinsonia canadensis, Northern Horsebalm, Citronella, Canada Stoneroot, Canada Horsebalm

JK Marlow    jkm211112_4916

November    Greenville County    SC

Tall Pines Wildlife Management Area

image of Collinsonia canadensis, Northern Horsebalm, Citronella, Canada Stoneroot, Canada Horsebalm

JK Marlow    jkm211112_4917

November    Greenville County    SC

Tall Pines Wildlife Management Area

 

 

WEAKLEY'S FLORA OF THE SOUTHEASTERN US (4/24/22):
Collinsonia canadensis   FAMILY Lamiaceae

SYNONYMOUS WITH PLANTS NATIONAL DATABASE:
Collinsonia canadensis   FAMILY Lamiaceae

INCLUDED WITHIN A taxonomic revision of Collinsonia (Peirson, Cantino, & Ballard, 2006)
Collinsonia canadensis

SYNONYMOUS WITH VASCULAR FLORA OF THE CAROLINAS (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968) 164-33-001:
Collinsonia canadensis   FAMILY Lamiaceae

SYNONYMOUS WITH Manual of the Southeastern Flora (Small, 1933, 1938)
Collinsonia canadensis

 

Find by SCIENTIFIC NAME:

352

Forb
Perennial

Habitat: cove forests, rich forests, especially over calcareous or mafic substrates, per Weakley's Flora

Native to the Carolinas & Georgia

Common (uncommon to rare in Coastal Plain)

map
CLICK HERE to see a map, notes, and images from Weakley's Flora of the Southeastern US.

LEAVES:
Simple
Opposite

FLOWER:
Summer/Fall
Yellow
Bilaterally symmetrical
2-lipped calyx
2-lipped 5-lobed corolla
2 long-exserted stamens (usually)
Superior ovary
Bisexual

FRUIT:
Summer/Fall
Schizocarp of mericarps

 

TO LEARN MORE about this plant, look it up in a good book!



 


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