Spermatophytes (seed plants): Angiosperms (flowering plants): Eudicots: Core Eudicots: Rosids: Fabids: Malpighiales
WEAKLEY'S FLORA OF THE SOUTHEASTERN US (4/14/23):
Viola palmata var. palmata
FAMILY
Violaceae
Go to FSUS key
Dig deeper at SERNEC, a consortium of southeastern herbaria.
For the most current and comprehensive body of information regarding violets in our region, visit the new website Violets (Violaceae) of the Great Plains and Eastern North America.
Read more about Viola palmata at Vascular Plants of North Carolina.
INCLUDED WITHIN (PRO SP.)
PLANTS NATIONAL DATABASE:
Viola ×palmata [brittoniana or pedatifida × affinis or sororia]
FAMILY
Violaceae
SYNONYMOUS WITH Viola (Ballard [in prep])
Viola palmata var. palmata
INCLUDED WITHIN Flora of North America north of Mexico, vol. 6 (2015)
Viola palmata var. palmata
INCLUDING Floristic Synthesis of North America. BONAP (Kartesz, 2015)
Viola palmata var. palmata
SYNONYMOUS WITH Violaceae of the Southeastern US (McKinney & Russell, 2002)
Viola palmata
INCLUDED WITHIN Floristic Synthesis of North America (Kartesz, 1999)
Viola ×palmata
INCLUDING VASCULAR FLORA OF THE CAROLINAS (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968) 130-02-005a:
Viola palmata var. palmata FAMILY Violaceae
INCLUDING & INCLUDED WITHIN Britton & Brown Illus Flora of Northeast US & adjacent Canada (Gleason, 1952)
Viola palmata
INCLUDING Britton & Brown Illus Flora of Northeast US & adjacent Canada (Gleason, 1952)
Viola triloba var. triloba
INCLUDING & INCLUDED WITHIN Manual of the Southeastern Flora (Small, 1933, 1938)
Viola palmata
(?) Manual of the Southeastern Flora (Small, 1933, 1938)
Viola triloba
COMMON NAME:
Wood Violet, Southern Three-lobed Violet
To see larger pictures, click or hover over the thumbnails.
)
USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913 pnd_vipa3_001_lvd
)
JK Marlow jkm070324_040
March Greenville County SC
)
JK Marlow jkm070324_041
March Greenville County SC
Leaves heterophyllous, only mid-season leaves cleft, parted, or divided, per Violaceae of the Southeastern US (McKinney & Russell, 2002).
)
JK Marlow jkm230325_2027
March Pickens County SC
Laurel Fork Heritage Preserve
)
JK Marlow jkm230325_2027b
March Pickens County SC
Laurel Fork Heritage Preserve
)
Richard and Teresa Ware rtw_viola_palmata
March
)
Herbarium of Clemson University h_cu10124
April Elbert County GA
)
Herbarium of Clemson University h_cu10256
April Elbert County GA
)
JK Marlow jkm0304e_21
April Oconee County SC
Sumter National Forest: Andrew Pickens Ranger District
Leaves deeply lobed or dissected; unlobed cordate leaves also present, per Wildflowers of the Southern Mountains (Smith, 1998).
)
JK Marlow jkm090412_144
April Greenville County SC
Chestnut Ridge Heritage Preserve
)
JK Marlow jkm100422_010
April Pickens County SC
Laurel Fork Heritage Preserve
)
JK Marlow jkm100422_022
April Pickens County SC
Laurel Fork Heritage Preserve
)
JK Marlow jkm190412_7222
April Rabun County GA
)
JK Marlow jkm200411_3680
April Greenville County SC
Tall Pines Wildlife Management Area
)
JK Marlow jkm200411_3693
April Greenville County SC
Tall Pines Wildlife Management Area
Flowers variable: blue-violet, streaked violet and white, to solid white, per Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the Southern Appalachians (Horn, Cathcart, Hemmerly, & Duhl, 2005).
)
JK Marlow jkm200411_3694
April Greenville County SC
Tall Pines Wildlife Management Area
)
JK Marlow jkm200411_3698
April Greenville County SC
Tall Pines Wildlife Management Area
)
Richard and Teresa Ware rtw_viola_palmata_4
April
Sepals 6-10mm long, acute to obtuse, glabrous to ciliate, auricles 0.5-1mm, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
)
JK Marlow jkm120526_647
May Spartanburg County SC
)
JK Marlow jkm190604_8869
June Greenville County SC
Tall Pines Wildlife Management Area
)
Patrick D. McMillan pdmv_palmata
Month Unknown
WEAKLEY'S FLORA OF THE SOUTHEASTERN US (4/14/23):
Viola palmata var. palmata
FAMILY
Violaceae
INCLUDED WITHIN (PRO SP.)
PLANTS NATIONAL DATABASE:
Viola ×palmata [brittoniana or pedatifida × affinis or sororia]
FAMILY
Violaceae
SYNONYMOUS WITH
Viola (Ballard [in prep])
Viola palmata var. palmata
INCLUDED WITHIN
Flora of North America north of Mexico, vol. 6
Viola palmata var. palmata
INCLUDING
Floristic Synthesis of North America. BONAP (Kartesz, 2015)
Viola palmata var. palmata
SYNONYMOUS WITH
Violaceae of the Southeastern US (McKinney & Russell, 2002)
Viola palmata
INCLUDED WITHIN
Floristic Synthesis of North America (Kartesz, 1999)
Viola ×palmata
INCLUDING
VASCULAR FLORA OF THE CAROLINAS (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968) 130-02-005a:
Viola palmata var. palmata
FAMILY
Violaceae
INCLUDING & INCLUDED WITHIN
Britton & Brown Illus Flora of Northeast US & adjacent Canada (Gleason, 1952)
Viola palmata
INCLUDING
Britton & Brown Illus Flora of Northeast US & adjacent Canada (Gleason, 1952)
Viola triloba var. triloba
INCLUDING & INCLUDED WITHIN
Manual of the Southeastern Flora (Small, 1933, 1938)
Viola palmata
(?)
Manual of the Southeastern Flora (Small, 1933, 1938)
Viola triloba
1651
Forb
Perennial
Habitat: Drier to dry sandy, sandy loam in dry oak and oak-pine woods and dry to dry-mesic savannas and closed forests, on slopes and bluffs, per Weakley's Flora
Native to the Carolinas & Georgia
Common
CLICK HERE to see a map, notes, and images from Weakley's Flora of the Southeastern US.
Click here to see a map showing all occurrences known to SERNEC, a consortium of southeastern herbaria. (Zoom in to see more detail.)
LEAVES:
Simple
Plant heterophyllous, producing undivided leaf blades in very early spring and late autumn and leaf blades with lobes, coarse teeth or incisions during chasmogamous flowering and cleistogamous fruiting (often retaining one or more undivided blades)
Plant acaulescent (without aerial stems)
Margins crenate
Leaf blade underside and petiole moderately to densely pubescent (hirsute)
FLOWER:
Spring
Violet
Bilaterally symmetrical
Lateral petals bearded
5 sepals
5 petals
5 included stamens
FRUIT:
Spring
Capsule
TO LEARN MORE about this plant, look it up in a good book!
- Atlantic Coastal Plain Wildflowers (Nelson, 2006) p070
- Gardening with the Native Plants of Tennessee (Hunter, 2002) p189
- Newcomb's Wildflower Guide (Newcomb, 1977) p032?
- Wildflowers of the Atlantic Southeast (Cotterman, Waitt, & Weakley, 2019) p418
- Field Guide to the Wildflowers of Georgia (Chafin, 2016) p350
- Wildflowers of Tennessee (Carman, 2005) p076
- Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the Southern Appalachians (Horn, Cathcart, Hemmerly, & Duhl, 2005) p099
- Wildflowers of the Southern Mountains (Smith, 1998) p102?
If a search such as "Carex leptalea var. leptalea" doesn't deliver the results you want, try "Carex leptalea".
Or, to minimize chances of a misspelling, try just "Carex le".
Less is more: If "pencil flower" doesn't deliver the results you want, try "pencil".